Hinomisaki Shrine

 

Hinomisaki is a grand shrine at the western tip of the Shimane Peninsula, in a small cove under the Hinomisaki Lighthouse, the tallest in East Asia.

When showing visitors around, I often encourage them to visit Hinomisaki Shrine instead of, or at least as well as, Izumo Taisha.

The shrine claims to have been founded in 536BCE, which is as absurd as the claim that Jimmu became emperor more than a hundred years before that. It is said that Susano decided to "settle" here after "creating" Izumo, and his son built a shrine to him nearby.

A shrine to Amaterasu was established on Fumijima, the sacred island offshore that I covered in the last post.

The Amaterasu shrine was moved here in 948. At the same time a Jinguji was established within the shrine so there was a Yakushi Hall, a Sutra Hall, a 3 storey Pagoda and a Tahoto Pagoda, a Daishi Hall, and a bell tower

In Kyoto, the shrine became famous as a centre of Shugendo.

The current buildings, most of which are Important Cultural Properties, were built under order of Tokugawa Iemitsu and were completed in 1644. They are in Gongen Zukuri style.

Both the local Matsudaira Daimyo and the Shogunate supported the shrine with large grants of land and Hinomisaki Shrine was the second largest shrine in the whole San-in region, after Izumo Taisha.

Now here comes the intriguing thing. The main hall, called Sunset Palace, enshrined Susano, and the smaller, Upper Hall enshrined Amaterasu, but in 1868 they switched them. This is not mentioned anywhere in the shrines website nor in the Japanese wikipedia page. Its all written as if Amaterasu was always the main kami.

When I first visited here more than twenty years ago I had recently learned about the chigi, the cross pieces on the roof. If the ends are cut horizontally, then the kami is female, if vertical then male.

Here the Amaterasu hall has a male chigi. I asked a young priest about it and what he said was that in 1868, when modern Shinto was created with Amaterasu at the top, it was decided here that people praying to Susano in the main hall had their backs to the Amaterasu Hall and that this was considered disrespectful, so they swapped. Because the buildings are Important Cultural Properties they could not be altered, so the chigi remained. I strongly suspect that nowadays they would not be so eager to share this history.

As with so many other shrines throughout Japan around 1868, not only did they remove all the Buddhist connections, but changed the kami too.

There are lots of secondary shrines inside and just outside the grounds including an Inari, and a Munakata. There is a line of 19 shrines representing various shrines that were brought into the shrine in the early 20th century during the shrine closures.

Most interesting to me is a Korean Shrine that enshrines Susano and Isotakeru. It is thought this was here before the Hinomisaki shrine was moved here from nearby. It links to the Korean Forge Shrine nearby as well as the Korea-Susano shrines down in Iwami.

The previous post in this series documenting my deep exploration of the Japan Sea Coast was on Fumijima Island.

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Izumo 33 Kannon Pilgrimage, Temple 12, Jyufukuji

Located in a remote valley, temple 12, Jyufukuji, has no firm date for its founding, though it was a Jinguji so that suggests the Heian Period.

Jinguji were temples built next to shrines, and Jyufukuji was built to administer to Iishi Shrine, which I have not yet been to but intend to. Iishi Shrine is listed in the Izumo Fudoki, so dates back to ancient times and is unusual in that it has no honden, rather behind the shrine is a large rock which functions as the honden.

Originally a Tendai temple, in 1570 the local daimyo, of the Mori clan, converted it to Soto Zen

It is now some distance from the Iishi shrine, so I suspect it was moved to its present location in early Meiji when most jinguji were destroyed or moved.